Electrolytes are minerals lost in sweat, particularly so during the hot summer months on a run, bike ride, or even coming out of the gym after strength training. We need them to function, so it's sometimes necessary to replenish the levels. That's where an electrolyte powder comes in handy.
It's important to note that while electrolyte powders can be useful, not everyone needs them. If you're doing regular intense exercise for at least an hour, you could benefit. If you don't - or you manage to find the best time to exercise in a heatwave and avoid sweating so much - you'll probably be better off just drinking more water. As these powders contain salts, drinking them when you don't need to can lead to future health issues, like raised blood pressure.