Why 0s and 1s aren't enough — 3-part biological memory model exposes limits of AI silicon

A robot standing thoughtfully in front of a giant digital display with code on it.

• Brain chemistry may contribute to memory beyond ordinary electrical signalling
• AI systems process information without the living cellular environment found inside brains
• Astrocytes could play an important role in processing cognitive information

A new scientific model argues that binary code, the 0s and 1s underlying every computer, cannot fully explain how memory works.