Heat-related illnesses occur when the body's temperature regulation mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive heat, leading to a range of conditions that can vary in severity from mild heat cramps to life-threatening heatstroke. These illnesses typically occur when individuals are exposed to high temperatures and humidity for prolonged periods without adequate hydration or rest.
Types of heat-related illnesses
Heat cramps
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to excessive sweating cause heat cramps. The symptoms are painful muscle cramps, usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs, often accompanied by sweating.
Heat exhaustion
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures and inadequate fluid intake leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. The common symptoms are heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting, rapid heartbeat, cool and clammy skin, fainting.
Heat syncope
Reduced blood flow to the brain due to dehydration, leading to temporary loss of consciousness causes heat syncope. Fainting or lightheadedness, often occurring after prolonged standing or sudden changes in body position.
Heat stroke
Failure of the body's temperature regulation mechanisms, leading to a dangerously high core body temperature causes heat stroke. It is characterized by high body temperature (above 104°F or 40°C), hot and dry skin (absence of sweating), rapid and shallow breathing, rapid heartbeat, confusion, disorientation, seizures, unconsciousness.
Identifying heat-related illnesses
Pay attention to signs such as excessive sweating, flushed or pale skin, rapid heartbeat, and shallow breathing.Look for behavioral changes such as confusion, disorientation, irritability, or unusual fatigue.Use a thermometer to measure the individual's body temperature. A temperature above 104°F (40°C) may indicate heat exhaustion or heatstroke.In cases of heatstroke, the skin may feel hot to the touch and appear dry, with a lack of sweating.Take note of symptoms such as muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, or fainting, especially after exposure to hot and humid conditions.Check for signs of dehydration, including dark urine, reduced urine output, dry mouth, and thirst.Assess electrolyte levels by observing for signs of imbalance, such as muscle weakness or irregular heartbeats.Remedies and treatment for heat related illnesses"Amidst soaring temperatures and increasingly frequent heat waves, it's imperative to prioritize our safety. Here are some essential tips for coping with extreme heat: ensure hydration by drinking plenty of fluids, even if not feeling thirsty, favoring water or non-alcoholic, decaffeinated beverages; seek shade outdoors, wearing sunscreen, hats, and light clothing to minimize sun exposure; limit strenuous physical activity during peak heat hours, opting for rest when needed; take cool showers or baths to reduce body heat; dress in loose, lightweight, and light-colored clothing for comfort; spend time indoors in air-conditioned environments whenever possible; stay vigilant for symptoms like dizziness, disorientation, or warm, wet skin, as these could indicate heat-related health concerns. Let's remain mindful of the potentially deadly consequences of extreme heat, especially for vulnerable individuals, and adapt accordingly to these shifting climate conditions," suggests Dr. Pankaj Chaudhary - Senior Consultant, Internal Medicine, Max Hospital, Vaishali.
