We ranked Texas senators across the ideological spectrum based on their 2023 votes

Senators cast their votes on the tenth day of suspended Attorney General Ken Paxton’s impeachment trial at the state capitol in Austin, Texas, on Sept. 15, 2023. The Senate announced that a verdict would be delivered that morning. (Credit: Julius Shieh/The Texas Tribune)

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The Texas Senate’s roll-call votes during this year’s regular legislative session and four special sessions allow us to once again rank the 31 senators from liberal to conservative on that body’s ideological spectrum. (See the methodological note at the end of this article.)