This is part of Reason's 2025 summer travel issue. Click here to read the rest of the issue.

Set among crags, hills, and Gothic spires, Edinburgh—also known as "Auld Reekie" or "Old Smokey"—was an unlikely center of progress in the 18th century: congested and smelly, with a sordid underground at the edge of an empire. Yet it was there that Adam Smith first published his Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759.