Fly-by-wire technology, packaged food safety, the quakeproofing of buildings, and rechargeable hearing-aid batteries—the list of innovations linked to the Apollo missions is as long as it is eclectic. NASA is so proud of the civilian applications of the technologies first invented to help put a human being on the moon, it has published its own dedicated web entry, “tech-transfer-spinoffs.”
The European defense industry looks on in envy. For decades, engineering, technical, and industrial processes first explored as methods of keeping nations safe or attacking enemies have also found their way into the civilian world. Infrared cameras were developed by the British for anti-aircraft defense in the 1920s. Annoyingly for the sector—often the butt of protests from those who wave placards—it is poor at publicizing such advances. Or promoting greater understanding of how such defense to civilian transfers support wider economic growth.
