Aleksander Miszalski, who was recalled in May, had governed Kraków for more than two years. Although he pushed through several reforms that were widely seen in a positive light, including a substantial pay rise for professional foster families and faster procedures for building the metro, residents quickly began to notice his favourable treatment of developers and the resulting chaos in city management.
The final straw, however, was the creation of a Clean Transport Zone in the city, which in its original form was set to hit owners of older car models hard in the pocket.