Police can take up to 18 months to make an arrest after becoming aware that a child is at risk of online sexual abuse, according to a report.
His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) found that forces’ responses often leaves youngsters vulnerable and allow offenders to escape justice. It said there are often “unacceptable delays and missed opportunities” in responding to allegations and concerns about suspects, and officers have “limited tools” to understand risk.
In one case, officers did nothing for 18 months following a report from the National Crime Agency of two videos showing a nine-year-old girl being raped. In the same force, more than 30 suspects had their risk incorrectly rated as low because of inadequate training.
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The report comes amid a huge rise in reports of online child sex abuse. Police chiefs say law enforcement across he country is dealing with more than 800 arrests a month, and is safeguarding almost 1,200 children, more than double the numbers of five years ago.
Many officers “don’t always follow lines of inquiry to find out who the suspect is and whether they are approaching children”, according to the report.
In most forces, cases reported directly to police are dealt with by non-specialists with inadequate training who are unaware of guidance they should follow and what specialist services they should refer children to. Very high-risk cases are often dealt with within a day but those deemed high, medium or low risk are often not responded to in the recommended timescales of a week, two weeks and 30 days.
In another “very high-risk” case, no assessment was carried out for four days after officers discovered that a suspect was living with his 15-year-old sister. He was later bailed to the same address.
The report also found that forces wait too long before sharing information with relevant partners such as the local authority. The report does not name individual forces, although it covers policing across England and Wales including GMP.
Officers accepted that they often do not share information when they first become aware of a risk to a child because they believe a social worker might want to visit first.
The report said doing so “doesn’t take account of the force’s obligations” or “risks to children.”
While the number of “image-related cases” being referred to police by the National Crime Agency doubled between 2017 and 2021, chief constables “are not doing enough” to get to grips with the scale of the problem, HMICFRS found.
Some forces urge officers to tell children to reset their phone to factory settings, which can lead to evidence being lost.
The inspectorate also found that some forces have “drawn up their own criteria” for which cases to pursue based on resources rather than risk.
It said the Online Safety Bill could “significantly reduce” the amount of child sex abuse material online.
Its 17 recommendations include chief constables making sure that online child sex abuse cases are allocated to people with relevant skills and training and ensuring their force implements plans to deal with online child sex abuse within the recommended amount of time with immediate effect.
His Majesty’s Inspector of Constabulary Wendy Williams said: “There is a lack of minimum investigative standards or training, and this means some forces aren’t responding quickly or sufficiently to allegations of abuse. Forces do not fully understand the scale of the problem, so there aren’t enough resources dedicated to these investigations.
“The Online Safety Bill represents a critical opportunity to tackle the growing amount of child sexual abuse material available online.
“However, chief constables cannot wait for this to be in place. They need to do more now to understand the demand on their forces and the risks posed by offenders.
“We have made 17 recommendations for chief constables, policing bodies and the Government to tackle online child sexual abuse and exploitation and would urge them to implement these without delay.”
Deputy Chief Constable Ian Critchley, National Police Chiefs’ Council lead for child protection, said: "This report shines a much-needed spotlight on the challenges facing policing in its response to online child sexual abuse. We acknowledge the report’s recommendations, many of which have been implemented or are underway already in our on-going fight against all abusers.
"I am pleased that the report recognises the incredible, dedicated work going on by specialist investigators across the country working on upsetting investigations every day. They do this to keep our children safe, increase the trust and confidence of the public, and robustly pursue offenders. But, despite this effort, we know there is more to do, and we are not shying away from that.
"Working closely alongside the National Crime Agency, policing needs to be supported by individuals acting on and reporting concerns. It is also crucial that organisations treat their duties to protect children with the utmost seriousness. It should also be supported by a rigorous legal duty on tech companies to keep children safe online and report more offenders. We echo His Majesty’s Inspectorate for Constabulary Fire and Rescue Service’s (HMICFRS) comments about the necessity of the online safety bill. It is of the utmost importance that the opportunity this presents to protect children is not impacted by the roll out of End to End Encryption by tech companies.
"We are committed to using the findings of this report to support our committed and dedicated staff and partners in how we tackle this national scourge.”
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