A lone coyote has astonished wildlife experts after it was discovered to have swum an impressive two miles across the choppy waters of San Francisco Bay to reach the notorious Alcatraz Island.
Biologists initially speculated the resilient animal had made the shorter 1.6-kilometre (one-mile) journey from San Francisco. However, DNA analysis of tracks and scat later revealed the male coyote had undertaken an even more arduous 3.2-kilometre (two-mile) swim from nearby Angel Island.
"Our working assumption was that the coyote made the swim from San Francisco because it is a significantly shorter distance. We couldn’t help being impressed by his accomplishment in making it to Alcatraz," said Bill Merkle, a wildlife ecologist with the National Park Service, in a news release. He added: "Coyotes are known to be resilient and adaptable, and he certainly demonstrated those qualities."
Camilla Fox, founder and executive director of the non-profit Project Coyote, suggested the animal likely embarked on its journey in search of a mate or new territory. While coyotes, much like wolves, are known to swim, Ms Fox noted it is exceptionally rare for humans to witness such an event. "We have never, ever heard such a story of a coyote making such a long journey in a pretty challenging ocean current," she stated.
The coyote’s presence was first captured on video in early January, showing it paddling through the chilly San Francisco Bay and struggling to clamber onto the rocky island. A visitor sighting and photograph followed on 24 January. Fresh tracks and scat were subsequently found and sent to the University of California, Davis, for DNA analysis, which confirmed its origin from Angel Island’s coyote population.
Given Alcatraz’s crucial role as a seabird nesting habitat, the park service had prepared to capture and relocate the coyote. However, it has not been spotted or recorded since, and there is currently no evidence to suggest the animal remains on the island.
Alcatraz Island, once a federal prison designed for the most dangerous criminals, closed in the 1960s due to the prohibitive costs of its remote operation. Despite its formidable reputation, 36 men attempted 14 separate escapes, with most failing due to the cold, swift currents. It reopened as a park in 1973. Angel Island, a state park, historically served as a processing and detention centre for immigrants.
Ms Fox highlighted the perseverance of coyotes in colonising Angel Island, despite the challenges. She urged visitors to the island and other open spaces to be mindful not to disturb coyote families and their dens, particularly during the current pup season.
