Bottom-trawl fishing provides about a quarter of global seafood but is controversial. The heavy nets and dredges that are used to catch species like cod, plaice and scampi also disturb the seabed and kill some of the invertebrates that live there. For instance, a single pass with the widely used “otter trawl” kills about 6% of seabed animals, while a scallop dredge kills closer to 14%.
EU proposals to curb bottom trawling have triggered a row between conservationists and industry groups. Environmental NGOs have been calling for a ban because they consider it incompatible with sustainable management of the seas, while fishing industry groups have been arguing that the practice is compatible with good environmental stewardship.
As ever, the reality is more complex, and the impacts of bottom trawling depend strongly on the type of habitat that is being fished. Although bottom fishing is extensive and intense across Europe, even in the most heavily exploited seas at least 20% of the seabed is unfished. A few years ago, I was part of a team that evaluated the impact of bottom trawling on the world’s continental shelves. In 18 out of the 24 regions we evaluated, we found more than two-thirds of the seabed area remained untrawled.
