Kyrgyz and Tajik border guards exchanged fire on Thursday amid a standoff over a blocked road, in the latest clash between the former Soviet neighbours following a similar violent incident last year that killed dozens.
The border between the two countries, both of which host Russian military bases and are closely allied with Moscow, is poorly demarcated.
The Secretary General of Russia-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), Stanislav Zas, called for an immediate ceasefire at the border, RIA news agency reported.
It said Zas has held phone talks with senior security officials from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
"The armed confrontation at the Tajik-Kyrgyz border should be immediately stopped," he was quoted as saying by the news agency.
He also said that the CSTO, of which both countries are members, stood ready to help resolve the conflict.
Kyrgyz authorities said Tajik citizens had blocked a road between the provincial centre Batken and the Kyrgyz village of Isfana. Border guards on both sides managed to get the road unblocked, but then fighting broke out.
The provincial government said no casualties had been reported. Tajikistan's border guard service had no immediate comment. An official from the local administration of the Tajik border town of Isfara wrote on Facebook that it was the Kyrgyz side which blocked the road.
At least 49 people were killed in fighting between the two predominantly Muslim nations last April which escalated from a similar border clash.
(Reporting by Olga Dzyubenko; Additional reporting by Nazarali Pirnazarov in Dushanbe and Vladimir Soldatkin in Moscow; Writing by Olzhas Auyezov; Editing by Nick Macfie and Hugh Lawson)