From Nazi Germany to Trump’s America: why strongmen rely on women at home

‘What fascisms old and new have in common is they tend to look to women to fill in the gaps that the state misses,’ says historian Diana Garvin. Illustration: Cut It Out Design Studio/The Guardian

In 1980, Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, an unrepentant former leader of the Nazi women’s bureau in Berlin from 1934 to 1945, described her former job to historian Claudia Koonz as “influencing women in their daily lives”.

To her audience – approximately 4 million girls in the Nazi youth movement, 8 million women in Nazi associations under her jurisdiction, and 1.9 million subscribers to her women’s magazine, Frauen Warte, according to Koonz – Scholtz-Klink promoted what she called “the cradle and the ladle”, or reproductive and household duties as essential to national strength.