Everything you need to know about HOAs: Your questions answered

A white house exterior with a large paved patio, with a seating area under a parasol, wicker sofa with cushions and firepit. There are large plants in grey square pots, and central steps in the foreground. Overhead are blue, cloudy skies.

Across the US, HOAs can be a source of both comfort and controversy for homeowners. For many residents, an HOA helps maintain property values and enforces community standards. For others, it can feel restrictive, costly, or overbearing.

According to the Foundation for Community Association Research, more than 74 million Americans live in a community governed by an HOA or condo board. Yet, many homeowners remain unclear about what HOAs can and cannot do, how much they cost, and whether they're even necessary.