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The Conversation
Javier Díaz Giménez, Profesor de Economía, IESE Business School (Universidad de Navarra)

European nations have no choice but to raise retirement ages – our case study shows why

Sébastien Lecornu Europe France
Group of elderly Italians sitting on a bench in the centre of Scicli, Italy. Eddy Galeotti/Shutterstock

In early October 2025, with his political future hanging by a thread, France’s resigned-and-reappointed prime minister Sébastien Lecornu pledged to suspend unpopular pension reforms until 2027, when presidential elections will be held.

Socialist MPs declared victory. The French business community groaned. The S&P downgraded France’s credit rating, citing budget concerns.

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