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Bob Bowker, Honorary Professorial Fellow, Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies, Australian National University

After the Iran war, Persian Gulf nations face tough decisions on the US – a former diplomat explains

When the US-Israeli war on Iran finally ends, the Middle East will be even less predictable than it was before it started.

The decision by US President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to go to war – and the Iranian response – may be a watershed moment for the region. It is highly unlikely the Persian Gulf states will be prepared to pay a similar price again for the US to pursue its own interests.

When the war began, these countries quickly found that neither their alignment with the US security umbrella, nor their recent diplomatic engagement with Iran, prevented them from being targeted.

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