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Colin Davidson, Professor of Neuropharmacology, University of Lancashire

Why antidepressants can stop working after initially helping

Symptoms can return despite continued antidepressant treatment, but this does not necessarily mean the body has become tolerant to the medicine. Vitalii Vodolazskyi/Shutterstock

Antidepressant use continues to rise. In England, 96 million antidepressant prescription items were dispensed to an estimated 9.1 million patients in 2025 to 2026. These medicines are prescribed for depression and other conditions, including anxiety and some forms of pain.

Antidepressants can take several weeks to work fully, can cause unwanted side effects and do not help everyone sufficiently. But there is another potential problem: a treatment that initially works can sometimes appear to lose its effect.

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