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Brett Greatley-Hirsch, Professor of Renaissance Literature and Textual Studies, University of Leeds

Who called Shakespeare ‘upstart crow’? Our study points to his co-author, Thomas Nashe

Left: A polemical woodcut deriding Nashe as jailbird (1597). Right: A copper engraving of Shakespeare from the title page of the First Folio (1623). Folger Shakespeare Library (left) and Yale Beinecke Library (right).

London, September 1592. Robert Greene, a popular writer of romances, plays, and pamphlets – with an apparent predilection for pickled herring and Rhenish wine in prodigal excess – has died.

Three pamphlets are published soon afterwards, each purporting to be Greene’s autobiographical deathbed repentance. The first to appear, Greene’s Groatsworth of Wit, contains a letter addressed to “those gentlemen … that spend their wits in making plays”. They were most likely George Peele, Christopher Marlowe, and Thomas Nashe, three fellow playwrights who, like Greene, could boast a university education – and who are entreated to find “more profitable courses” for their wits.

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