While asthma can develop at any age, it often starts in childhood. If you suspect your child might have asthma, being familiar with the early symptoms is crucial. Unlike adults who can easily describe their breathing difficulties, young children might not be able to articulate their discomfort. Here's a breakdown of the possible progression of asthma symptoms in children:
The Allergic march
Many children with asthma follow a pattern called the "allergic march." It starts with atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema. This manifests as itchy, red patches on the skin, often appearing on the face, scalp, and folds of the elbows and knees.
Gastrointestinal allergies
As the allergies progress, some children experience gastrointestinal issues like frequent diarrhea and abdominal pain. This can be a confusing stage, as these symptoms are not readily linked to respiratory problems.
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay fever)
The next stage often involves allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever. This brings on a barrage of nasal woes – a runny or stuffy nose, frequent sneezing, nasal polyps (growths inside the nose), and constant itching in the nose and throat. You might also notice your child throat-clearing excessively.
The shift to respiratory symptoms
As the allergic response moves lower in the respiratory tract, the child might develop symptoms of allergic bronchitis. This includes wheezing, a whistling sound during breathing, particularly when exhaling.
Classic asthma symptoms
Finally, the child might start experiencing the classic symptoms of asthma: chest tightness and breathlessness. This can be accompanied by a cough, which can be dry or productive (with mucus). In some children, the cough might be severe enough to cause vomiting of mucus (sputum).
Not every child with allergies will develop asthma. However, if your child exhibits a combination of these symptoms, particularly if they worsen with triggers like exercise, cold air, or exposure to allergens, it's crucial to consult a doctor. Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve your child's quality of life and prevent future complications.
(Author: Dr Vikas Mittal, Pulmonologist at the CK Birla Hospital, Delhi)
