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Susan Kelly, Honorary Postdoctoral Associate, Egyptology, Macquarie University

Was there really a female king in ancient Egypt 5,000 years ago? New study says yes

Close-up of the inscription on the mud stopper. Courtesy of the Egypt Exploration Society

More than 5,000 years ago, a royal woman called Meretneith (also written as Merneith), lived in ancient Egypt. She was possibly the daughter of Djer, the third king of the First Dynasty, a period when the first kings ruled over a unified Egypt.

Details over Meretneith’s exact royal status have remained murky. We know she ruled the country because her tomb complex was filled with riches fit for a male ruler of Egypt. At the very least, she was an interim ruler or co-regent. But did she ever rule Egypt in her own right?

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