To maintain healthy energy levels, vitamin B12 is one of the most important vitamins to take.
The NHS warns that consistently low levels of B12 can cause "damage" to parts of the nervous system, even leading to irreversible damage.
When nerves in the body's extremities, such as the hands, feet and arms, are damaged, a B12 deficiency can can lead to peripheral neuropathy.
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As MyLondon reports, the nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.
According to the NHS, the main symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in your feet include:
- Numbness
- Tingling
- Muscle weakness
"These symptoms are usually constant, but may come and go," the NHS explains.
It's important to see your GP if you're experiencing any of the above symptoms.
What causes B12 deficiency?
The most common cause of a vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK is pernicious anaemia - an autoimmune condition.
Pernicious anaemia is when your immune system attacks the cells in your stomach that produce the intrinsic factor, resulting in your body being unable to absorb vitamin B12.
However, some people can develop a vitamin B12 deficiency as a result of simply not getting enough vitamin B12 from their diet.
The richest sources of B12 are animal-based so vegetarians and vegans are at a greater risk of B12 deficiency.
B12 is naturally found in:
- Meat and liver
- Fish
- Clams
- Milk and dairy products
- Eggs.
Plant-based sources of vitamin B12 include yeast extract (such as Marmite) fortified plant milks and fortified breakfast cereals.
How to treat at B12 Deficiency
According to Holland and Barrett, "If you’re following a plant-based diet, taking a vitamin B12 supplement can help prevent a deficiency."
They also add: "Breast-feeding mothers could also consider a supplement, as they need an extra 0.5mcg a day."
Some people such as those taking medication to reduce production of stomach acid, or older people, may need a B12 supplement to boost absorption.
Most cases of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency can be easily treated with injections or tablets to replace the missing vitamins, the NHS says.
Vitamin B12 supplements are usually given by injection at first. Then, depending on whether your B12 deficiency is related to your diet, you'll either require B12 tablets between meals or regular injections.
These treatments may be needed for the rest of your life. In some cases, improving your diet can help treat the condition and prevent it coming back.
