Closing summary
Thank you for following the Guardian’s coverage of the congressional hearing into claims the US government is harboring UFOs.
Here’s a recap of today’s developments:
The US government conducted a “multi-decade” program which collected, and attempted to reverse engineer, crashed UFOs, former intelligence official David Grusch told the hearing.
Grusch, who led analysis of unexplained anomalous phenomena (UAP) within a US Department of Defense agency until 2023, claimed he had been denied access to secret government UFO programs, said he has faced “very brutal” retaliation as a result of his allegations. He claimed he had knowledge of “people who have been harmed or injured” in the course of government efforts to conceal UFO information.
Grusch told lawmakers that “non-human” biologics had been recovered by the government, but he had never seen an alien body. Grusch has also not seen the alleged alien craft himself – he says his claims are based on “extensive interviews with high-level intelligence officials” – and skeptics have noted that accusations that the government is hiding information on UFOs are nothing new.
The Pentagon has denied Grusch’s claims of a cover-up. In a statement, a defense department spokesperson said investigators have not discovered “any verifiable information to substantiate claims that any programs regarding the possession or reverse-engineering of extraterrestrial materials have existed in the past or exist currently”.
Grusch’s allegation that the federal government was hiding this evidence of extraterrestrials from Congress sparked a firestorm in June, prompting the Republican-led oversight committee to launch an immediate investigation.
Other witnesses at the hearing were David Fravor, a former navy commander who recalled seeing a strange object in the sky while on a training mission in 2004.
Ryan Graves, a retired navy pilot who has since founded Americans for Safe Aerospace, a UAP non-profit, claimed that he saw UAP off the Atlantic coast “every day for at least a couple years”. The sightings were “not rare or isolated” and were being witnessed by military aircrews and commercial pilots “whose lives depend on accurate identification”, Graves said.
Updated
The legitimization of UFO discussion has been propelled in part by claims from US military pilots of UFO encounters, along with leaked military videos showing inexplicable happenings in the sky.
Following those revelations, in 2021 the Pentagon released a report on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP), the term some experts prefer, which found more than 140 instances of UAP encounters that could not be explained. Since then, politicians appear to have moved past some of the stigma around extraterrestrial life.
“There’s a sort of critical mass building now,” said Nick Pope, who spent the early 1990s investigating UFOs for the British Ministry of Defence (MoD).
And I think even though it’s easy to portray some of the politicians as mavericks, the fact that Republicans and Democrats are lining up, are united in their stance on this … I think we have crossed a line.
The desire of politicians, of both sides, to wade into UFO discourse suggests that a corner has been turned, and Pope suggested Republicans’ and Democrats’ willingness to investigate could mean they are beginning to believe. He said:
I think these politicians are doing it because they either know, or more likely strongly suspect that some of this is true.
“I don’t think you would go all in – and they are going all in on this – if they weren’t pretty darn sure of themselves. Because the egg on the face if this all turns out to be drones – it would be staggering.
During the House committee hearing, members of both parties questioned how Congress should go about investigating allegations that the government is concealing information about unidentified anomalous phenomena for years.
As my colleague Adam Gabbatt writes, US politicians have for decades been reluctant to get involved in the topic of UFOs and aliens.
But after a series of disclosures in recent months, Republicans and Democrats now appear to be lining up to inquire into the question of extraterrestrial life.
The Republican party has led the initial charge, with a series of claims about extraterrestrial life that, until recently, would have been seen as career-ending.
Recently, the government itself has joined the UFO discourse. A White House official claimed last week that aerial phenomena “have already had an impact on our training ranges”, while a bipartisan group of senators have proposed new legislation to collect and distribute documents on “unidentified anomalous phenomena”.
In his closing remarks, Representative Glenn Grothman described the hearing as “illuminating” and said he believed legislation would follow.
Grothman, who is chair of the House subcommittee on national security, the border and foreign affairs, said:
Obviously, I think several of us are going to look forward to getting some answers in a more confidential setting. I assume some legislation will come out of this.
He added:
I think we are going to want to look into what we can do to make more of this information public. I think there’s certainly a time period after which it should always be made public and people have been concerned about these issues, like I said, since I was in high school.
The House of Representatives committee hearing on UFOs has come to a close, after less than two and a half hours.
The Wall Street Journal’s Byron Tau, who was watching the hearing, said he believes the “Tic Tac” incident is the hardest to explain away.
Tau writes:
US Navy vessels saw it on sensors, four highly trained aviators had visual contact, and planes had sensor data. And it behaved in ways with that defy known material science and physics.
David Fravor, a former navy commander, filmed the now famous “Tic Tac” video while on a routine training mission with the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz off the southern California coast in November 2004.
Fravor, along with former fighter pilot Alex Dietrich, was asked by another warship to investigate radar contacts in the area moving in an inexplicable fashion, according to a Reuters interview with Dietrich in 2021.
Dietrich said she and Fravor first noticed an unusual “churning” of the ocean surface before seeing what they described as a smooth, white oblong object resembling a large Tic Tac breath mint flying at high speed over the water.
When Fravor in his jet turned to ‘engage with’ the object, ‘it appeared to respond in a way that we didn’t recognize’ because it seemed to lack ‘any visible flight control surfaces or means of propulsion,’ Dietrich recalled.
She told Reuters:
We don’t know what it was, but it could have been a natural phenomenon in human activity. But the point was that it was weird, and we couldn’t recognize it.
Updated
Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez asked witnesses “if you were me, where would you look” for answers about UAP.
David Grusch replied:
I’d be happy to give you that in a closed environment. I can tell you specifically.
David Fravor said:
They’re not going to divulge it to you because the classification levels, but if you know where to look and who to talk to, which is exactly where Mr Grusch could point you, then you have them.
Updated
Grusch says 'non-human biologics’ found at alleged crash sites
David Grusch says he knows of “multiple colleagues” who were physically injured by UAP activity and by people within the US federal government. Asked to go into detail, Grusch says he “can’t get into the specifics”.
Asked if any bodies of pilots were recovered from any crashed crafts, Grusch replies:
As I’ve stated publicly already in my NewsNation [interview] biologics came with some of these recoveries.
Were they human or non human biologics, he is asked. Grusch responds:
Non-human, and that was the assessment of people with direct knowledge on the program I talked to.
Updated
For all the excitement and inevitable media speculation, some have cautioned against reading too much into what we might hear.
David Grusch has not seen the alleged alien craft himself – he says his claims are based on “extensive interviews with high-level intelligence officials” – and skeptics have noted that accusations that the government is hiding information on UFOs are nothing new.
Grusch’s whistleblowing claims have grown more dramatic after he has emerged into the public eye and have faced growing skepticism. He told le Parisien, a French newspaper, last month that the US had possession of a “bell-like craft” which Benito Mussolini’s government had recovered in northern Italy in 1933.
At multiple times David Grusch has said there are issues he cannot discuss in an open hearing.
Unfortunately for those watching, most of these issues address the juiciest parts of the whole UFO discussion.
Asked for more information on the “football field size” alien craft that Grusch has mentioned in interviews, Grusch said he could not give more details.
Asked for specific names of private companies that have worked with the government on UFOs, Grusch said he had revealed names – “and departments” – in private hearings, but could not do so here.
Asked if “anyone had been murdered” as part of a UFO cover-up, Grusch again demurred.
Grusch has repeatedly committed to briefing oversight committee members in a “Scif” – a sensitive compartmented information facility used by intelligence agencies when sharing highly sensitive information.
Updated
Journalist Garrett Graff writes that it is interesting that David Grusch appears unwilling to state and repeat his claims from his NewsNation interview at today’s hearing.
In the interview published last month, Grusch said the US had found alien pilots. He said:
Well, naturally, when you recover something that’s either landed or crashed, sometimes you encounter dead pilots and believe it or not, as fantastical as that sounds, it’s true.
Grusch seems to be “very carefully dancing around repeating [these claims]”, Graff says.
Here’s a clip of David Grusch telling the House oversight committee that he “absolutely” believes that the US government is in possession of UAPs.
Grusch said:
Absolutely, based on interviewing over 40 witnesses over four years.
He added that he knows “the exact locations” of where this technology is “and those locations were provided to the inspector general and some of which, to the intelligence committees”.
David Grusch is asked to expand on his experiences after he came forward with his allegations. Grusch says he has had “overwhelming support” from former colleagues, but that he has knowledge of “active planned reprisal activity” against himself and other colleagues. He says he has found this “very upsetting”.
There were certain colleagues who were “brutally administratively attacked”, Grusch says.
I call it administrative terrorism. That’s their quiver or tool in the toolbox to silence people, especially the career government servants who care about their career, care about their clearance, their reputation, to climb the ladder. When you threaten that flow, that career path, a lot of people back off, but I’m here to represent those people.
Former colleagues have vouched for David Grusch’s character and another official backed up his account to the Debrief, in which he alleged secretive US government agencies and defense contractors had been recovering fragments of non-human craft, and in some cases entire craft, for decades.
But the All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office, which was established to investigate UAP by the Department of Defense – replacing the UAP taskforce which Grusch claims was not allowed access to some materials – has issued an unequivocal denial.
Sue Gough, a spokesperson for the Department of the Defense, said:
To date, AARO has not discovered any verifiable information to substantiate claims that any programs regarding the possession or reverse-engineering of extraterrestrial materials have existed in the past or exist currently. AARO is committed to following the data and its investigation wherever it leads.
AARO, working with the office of the general counsel and the air force office of special investigations, has established a safe and secure process for individuals to come forward with information to aid AARO in its congressionally-mandated historical review.
AARO’s historical review of records and testimonies is ongoing and due to Congress by June 2024. AARO welcomes the opportunity to speak with any former or current government employee or contractor who believes they have information relevant to the historical review.
David Grusch says he faced 'very brutal' retaliation after going public with claims
The whistleblower former intelligence official David Grusch says he faced “very brutal and very unfortunate” retaliation after he went public with his allegations.
From my colleague Adam Gabbatt, who is attending the committee hearing:
Updated
Retired navy pilot Ryan Graves is asked if UAP encounters during training flights are only being reported on the US east coast.
Graves replies that he has learned that UAP objects have been detected “essentially where all Navy operations are being conducted across the world”.
Asked if there are any common characteristics to the UAPs that have been cited by different pilots, Graves says sightings were primarily of “dark grey or black cubes inside of clear sphere” where “the apex or tips of the cube were touching the inside of the sphere”.
Grusch suggests he knows of people who were harmed in efforts to cover-up UFOs
Representative Tim Burchett asks David Grusch if he has any personal knowledge of people who have been harmed or injured in efforts to cover up or conceal extraterritorial technology.
Grusch replies: “Yes.”
Burchett asks Grusch if he has heard of anyone being murdered. The former intelligence official answers:
I directed people with that knowledge to the appropriate authorities.
Updated
Garrett Graff, a journalist who is writing a book on the government’s UFO programs, says the opening statements by Glenn Grothman, Tim Burchett and Anna Paulina Luna show the representatives “haven’t really done their research to understand the history of UFOs and the US government”.
Graff says he believes there are “real, legitimate questions” that are worth discussing in congressional hearings, but that he thinks today’s hearing won’t get there.
David Fravor, the third witness at the House oversight committee hearing, details his experience where he saw an object flying across the sky during a 2004 training mission.
Fravor, a former navy commander who filmed a famous “Tic Tac” video, said the object that his team engaged in 2004 “was far superior to anything that we had at the time, have today or looking to develop in the next 10 years”.
He says “what is shocking to us is that the incident was never investigated”, and claims none of his crew were ever questioned.
Will we get proof of UFOs?
It seems unlikely, but the hearing is likely to raise questions. We can expect to hear David Grusch give a detailed version of his allegations regarding what the government knows about UFOs, and potentially more claims of evidence of aliens.
We might hear new information, too. Since the oversight committee began its investigation Burchett, without naming his sources, has not been shy in claiming that the US has proof of extraterrestrials.
On the Event Horizon podcast, Tim Burchett was asked if had seen “compelling evidence” that the US was seeing things in the sky “that might not be of this earth”. He said:
Oh, 100%. 100%. No question.
Burchett has also said the US has evidence of technology that “defies all of our laws of physics”, and speculated that the extraterrestrial craft could be dangerous. He said:
If they’re out there, they’re out there, and if they have this kind of technology, then they could turn us into a charcoal briquette.
Grusch claims he has seen 'compelling evidence' of UFOs
David Grusch, the star witness whose allegations sparked today’s hearing, is next. Grusch led analysis of UAP within a department of defense agency until 2023 and left the government in April after a 14-year career in intelligence.
He says his testimony today is “based on information I’ve been given by individuals with a longstanding track record of legitimacy”. He claims many of these individuals have shared “compelling evidence” in the form of photography, official documentation, and classified oral testimony.
Grusch says he suffered retaliation for his decision to become a whistleblower, but that he “hopeful” that his actions “will ultimately lead to a positive outcome of increased transparency”.
Updated
Ryan Graves is the first witness to appear before the panel. Graves is a retired navy pilot who has claimed that he saw UAPs off the Atlantic coast “every day for at least a couple years”.
He claims he has experienced unexplained anomalous phenomena (UAP) “first-hand” and that he is testifying “to voice the concerns of more than 30 commercial aircrews and military veterans who have confided their similar encounters with me”. He says the stigma attached to UAP is “real and powerful” and it “silences pilots who fear professional repercussions and discourages witnesses”.
Graves claims sightings of UAP are “grossly underreported” and are “not rare or isolated”.
On his own alleged experiences, Graves says he was stationed at NAS Oceana in Virginia Beach in 2018 when his team began “detecting unknown objects operating in our airspace”.
Graves says that during a training mission off the coast of Virginia Beach, two F18 Super Hornets were “split by UAP” which were “described as a dark grey or black cube inside of a clear sphere”. He claims the mission commander terminated the flight immediately, and that the squadron submitted a safety report, but that there was “no official acknowledgement of the incident”.
Updated
A video posted on Twitter reportedly shows a long queue of people waiting to enter the House committee hearing on UFOs.
Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna also accuses the government of a lack of transparency around the circumstances surrounding UFOs.
The Florida representative says elected leaders have failed “to make good on their promises to release explanations and footage and mountains of over classified documents that continue to be hidden from the American people”.
She says it is “unacceptable” for the government to “gaslight Americans into thinking that this is not happening or that the potential of intelligence, intelligent life forms exist other than humans”.
Today’s hearing will “get down to the bottom of what is actually happening with UAPs”, she says.
Tim Burchett: 'We're going to uncover the cover-up'
Congressman Tim Burchett, who is co-leading the UFO investigation, also thanks the three witnesses slated to appear at today’s hearing. “We owe them a debt of gratitude,” he says. Applause follows.
Burchett goes on to say that “the devil has been in our way through this hearing”, and that he has “run into roadblocks” from members of the intelligence community.
This is an issue of government transparency. We can’t trust a government that does not trust its people.
We’re not bringing little green men or flying saucers into the hearing. Sorry to disappoint about half y’all. We’re just going to get to the facts. We’re going to uncover the cover-up.
Both Burchett and his co-investigator Anna Paulina Luna have said they have been “stonewalled” by federal officials when asking about UFOs, and prevented from accessing some “information to prove that they do exist”.
Updated
Congressman Glenn Grothman, chair of the House subcommittee on national security, the border and foreign affairs, starts the hearing by welcoming everyone to the “most exciting, most extensive committee in Congress this week”.
Grothman expresses this thanks to the “brave” military personnel such as the witnesses due to appear before today’s panel for “sharing their stories and how they’ve engaged UAPs”.
The Republican congressman from Wisconsin says he read a 1966 book called Flying Saucers when he was at school, and “thought it was the most important issue out there”.
Updated
Star witness David Grusch given standing ovation as hearing begins
David Grusch, the star witness whose claims about the government harboring UFOs prompted today’s investigation, has just been given a standing ovation as he arrived for the hearing.
It’s a full house here in DC. By 9am the corridor outside the committee room was swamped by people attempting to gain access, and staff have had to provide an overflow room to accommodate everyone.
It’s an eclectic crowd: several young people were smattered through the line, while a man with very long beard drew the eye and a Catholic priest is also in attendance.
Among the representatives who will be interviewing the witnesses are Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the progressive Democrat from New York, and Matt Gaetz, the controversial rightwing firebrand best known for his frequent, fevered defenses of Donald Trump.
Updated
House committee to hold hearing on UFOs
The House oversight committee’s hearing is scheduled to begin now.
The hearing will focus on the issue of transparency and national security implications around UFOs and other unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) sightings.
The panel will hear testimony from the former intelligence official David Grusch, retired navy pilot Ryan Graves, and former navy commander David Fravor.
We’ll be following the hearing live here on the blog. You can also watch the committee hearing live on the player at the top of this page.
Updated
Anna Paulina Luna, the Republican congresswoman from Florida who is co-leading the UFO investigation, said she and Representatives Tim Burchett, Matt Gaetz, Jared Moskowitz, and Eric Burlison all spoke with the whistleblower former intelligence official David Grusch on Tuesday.
She said she and Burchett, her co-lead in the UFO probe, also met with Ryan Graves, the retired navy pilot also expected to appear at today’s hearing.
Luna added:
Based on the info discussed, tomorrows hearing will have a lot of information for the public to digest.
'We’re done with the cover-up', say Republican lawmakers
Tim Burchett and Anna Paulina Luna, Republican members of Congress from Florida and Tennessee, respectively, are leading the House oversight committee investigation.
In a briefing last Thursday, Burchett said he and Luna had been “stonewalled” by federal officials when asking about UFOs, and prevented from accessing some “information to prove that they do exist”.
Burchett, who declared in early July that alien craft possess technology that could “turn us into a charcoal briquette”, said:
We’ve had a heck of a lot of pushback about this hearing. There are a lot of people who don’t want this to come to light.
He said the US had evidence of technology that “defies all of our laws of physics”, and angrily railed against a “cover-up” by military officials. He added:
We’re gonna get to the bottom of it, dadgummit. Whatever the truth may be. We’re done with the cover-up.
Updated
Experts in UFO lore have suggested David Grusch’s assertions should be taken with a grain of salt, questioned the veracity of his claims and demanded proof.
“He has not presented anything like the evidence that we would expect to believe something as extraordinary as this,” said Garrett Graff, a journalist and historian whose upcoming book UFO: The Inside Story of the US Government’s Search for Alien Life Here – and Out There will be published in October.
There’s no first-hand knowledge. He didn’t see these things himself. He didn’t touch them. He wasn’t part of the operation to retrieve them and we haven’t heard from anyone who was.
Grusch also said there was a “sophisticated disinformation program targeting the US populace” to suppress information on UFOs, which is a common conspiracy trope in the UFO community.
Graff said:
The story aligns with a lot of similar stories that have played out, going back to the 1980s and 1970s, that together allege that the US government has kept an incredible secret, the literal most extraordinary secret that mankind could have, for not just weeks or months, but years and decades, with no meaningful leak or documentary evidence to ever come forward.
And I think when you look at the government’s ability to keep secret other really important secrets, there’s a lot of reason to doubt the capability of the government to do that.
Updated
Which witnesses will appear at the hearing?
The star turn will be David Grusch, the former intelligence official who caused headlines around the world with his claim that the US had been collecting non-human craft for “decades”.
Grusch led analysis of unexplained anomalous phenomena (UAP) within a US department of defense agency, and left the government in April after a 14-year career in intelligence. Grusch’s knowledge of non-human materials and vehicles was based on “extensive interviews with high-level intelligence officials”, according to the Debrief website.
After initially claiming the US government had possession of “intact and partially intact” alien vehicles, Grusch went on to suggest the US has also encountered “malevolent” alien pilots. He said there was a “sophisticated disinformation program targeting the US populace” to suppress information on UFOs.
Other witnesses at the hearing are David Fravor, a former navy commander who reported seeing a strange object in the sky while on a training mission in 2004, and Ryan Graves, a retired navy pilot who has claimed that he saw UAPs off the Atlantic coast “every day for at least a couple years”.
How did we get here?
In June, David Grusch, a former intelligence official, shocked people in the US and beyond when he claimed the US government has possession of “intact and partially intact” alien vehicles.
Grusch, who led analysis of unexplained anomalous phenomena (UAP) within a US department of defense agency until 2023, alleged in a series of interviews that the government and defense contractors had been recovering fragments of non-human craft, and in some cases entire craft, for decades.
Some of those craft were “very large, like a football field kind of size”, Grusch told NewsNation. He added that there had been “malevolent events” connected to UFOs.
Grusch has not seen the alien craft himself, but said in an interview with the Debrief that his claims are based on “extensive interviews with high-level intelligence officials”.
Today’s hearing was sparked by Grusch’s allegations that information on these alien vehicles is being illegally withheld from Congress. Grusch said the government had a crash retrieval program which had collected downed UFO craft, and that his investigation into that program was stymied.
That prompted the House Oversight Committee to order an investigation and hearing into what the government knows, or doesn’t know, about UFOs.
Congress to hold UFO hearing
Good morning and welcome to our live blog covering a congressional hearing into claims the US government is harboring UFOs.
A House of Representatives committee will meet today in Washington to hold a much-anticipated hearing to examine whether the US government is harboring alien space craft.
The House oversight committee is holding its first public hearing as part of its investigation into UFOs, or unexplained anomalous phenomena (UAP), weeks after a whistleblower former intelligence official went public with claims that the government has possession of “intact and partially intact” alien vehicles.
David Grusch, who led analysis of UAP within a department of defense agency until 2023 and who has also suggested that the US has encountered “malevolent” alien pilots, is among the witnesses slated to appear in Wednesday’s congressional public hearing.
Grusch’s allegation that the federal government was hiding evidence of extraterrestrials from Congress sparked a firestorm in June, prompting the Republican-led oversight committee to launch an immediate investigation. Since then the intrigue around what evidence the government has, or doesn’t have, around UFOs has only intensified.
Also slated to appear before the committee is David Fravor, a former navy commander who reported seeing a strange object in the sky while on a training mission in 2004, and Ryan Graves, a retired navy pilot who has claimed that he saw unidentified aerial phenomena off the Atlantic coast “every day for at least a couple years”.
It is doubtful that today’s hearing will prove conclusively whether or not aliens exist. It’s also unlikely that the public will find out whether aliens have visited Earth. What is almost certain, however, is that we’ll be hearing some fairly out-of-this-world claims inside the Capitol building today.
The hearing is scheduled to begin at 10am EST in front of the House oversight subcommittee on national security, the border, and foreign affairs. We will be following the hearing and reaction live here, so buckle up, folks.