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Jiayao Lei, Assistant Professor in Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet

The shot that could stop cancer before it begins – and why getting it early matters

Halfpoint/Shutterstock

When 12-year-olds receive a letter from the school nurse about the HPV vaccine, their reactions are often mixed. Some students worry about the needle. Others wonder why they need a vaccine for something they have never heard of.

What many of them may not realise is that this routine school vaccination protects against a virus that can cause cancer later in life. For many students, the letter is the first time they encounter a remarkable idea: that a vaccine can help prevent cancer before it even starts.

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