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Fortune
Fortune
Lily Mae Lazarus

The hidden cost of complexity—and the CEOs who are cutting it

JPMorgan Chase CEO talks and gestures with his hands (Credit: HOLLIE ADAMS—Bloomberg/Getty Images)

In today’s era of constant disruption, shifting markets, and unrelenting demand for innovation,  one of the most powerful tools in a CEO’s arsenal is the ability to make the complex clear, the tangled streamlined, and the burdensome efficient. 

As organizations scale, complexity is inevitable. New products, platforms, policies, metrics, and workflows are layered on, each intended to solve a problem or drive growth. But over time, these additions compound and can create organizational drag that stifles innovation, slows decision-making, and erodes financial performance and employee engagement. According to Bain & Company, excessive complexity—defined as an overabundance of layers, processes, titles, and approvals that dilute focus and distance leadership from the customer—costs large firms more than 15% of their annual profits. For Fortune 500 firms, that can translate into billions lost. It also fuels confusion on the front lines: In a 2023 McKinsey survey, 40% of respondents cited lack of clarity as the primary cause of inefficiency in their organizations.

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