It's been another wonderful year for TikTokers, with the Roman Empire, Wes Anderson beige flag, and aged filter trends taking the spotlight.
The most popular trends were revealed in the video-sharing app's annual report, Year on TikTok.
The top two most-viewed UK artists were Lewis Capaldi and Sam Smith, while London-born rapper Central Cee came third.
Here are the biggest trends TikTok has seen this year.
Roman Empire
An entertainingly gender-specific fascination has come to light thanks to a viral TikTok trend: it appears that guys all over the world are still fascinated by ancient Rome.
@lucykinski #stitch with @Ambar Driscoll My husband answered what they actually think about the Roman Empire! #romanempire #howoftendoyouthinkabouttheromanempire #romans #romancoins #ancientcivilizations #romanbritain #metaldetectinguk #metaldetectingroman
♬ original sound - Lucykins
Women ask the males in their lives if they have thought about the Roman Empire on a regular basis.
Videos of brothers, dads, husbands, and boyfriends who have never been to Italy casually admitting that they think about the Roman Empire frequently –sometimes even several times a day – have gone viral on the video-sharing app.
The female creators of these videos frequently express their complete confusion at the common obsession and have decided to provide their version, by creating videos sharing their own Roman Empire.
@chloeguzz I think about this an unhealthy amount of times…I’m in no rush its just cute to think abt🤗 #romanempire #romanempiretrend #fyp
♬ lacy second chorus olivia rodrigo - amelia🎀🍒🪩🎧💌🦋🥞🧸
"My Roman Empire" is a term used by people to characterise daily thoughts, whether they are related to their personal lives, decades-old memes, favourite celebrities, or films.
Aged filter
With the help of this filter, users may give their faces wrinkles and grey hair to give themselves an incredibly realistic glimpse of what they can look like in the future.
The artificial intelligence-powered filter, which modifies users' appearances, has impressed some dermatologists on its accuracy.
@dermguru This new aging filter is an accurate representation of the aging process. But you can age more rapdily (or more slowly) depending on what you do to your skin as well as lifestyle choices. #agingfilter #agingfilter😬👵⏰ #antiaging #agewithgrace #dermguru #dermreacts
♬ Can't Help Falling in Love - Elvis Presley
Beige flag, red flag, green flag
The beige, red, and green flag trend consists of three filters that highlight the positive and negative aspects of people's personalities, especially when it comes to dating.
Unappealing behaviour is denoted by red flags, whilst positive features are shown by green flags.
Later, anything deemed somewhat bothersome, odd, or even boring – like consistently asking a waiter for a recommendation or doing nothing at all while flying – was marked with a beige flag.
The beige filter was first popularised, according to TikTok, by French-Canadian influencer Laura Gouillon.
On TikTok, the user chooses a filter where three flags show up at the beginning of the video, and each one is flipped over to disclose a personality feature.
@chris GUESS IT FINALLY GOT IT RIGHT AT THE END #beigeflag #filter
♬ Monkeys Spinning Monkeys - Kevin MacLeod & Kevin The Monkey
Girl summer
A girl summer is a craze that describes the carefree attitude of ladies enjoying the most of the summertime.
A female summer can take several forms: "rat girl" summers, when women behave like rodents in a metropolis (getting outside, munching on food at any time of day, and not overthinking decisions), or "hot girl" summers, when women adopt a carefree, self-assured, and frequently sexual attitude.
@lolaokola 🐀🧀 #ratgirlsummer #rodentenergy #summervibes #summer2023 #weoutside #selfcare
♬ RAT GIRL SUMMER - lola kolade | nyc writer
The name "rat girl summer trend" was first used by designer Lolaokola, who gave an explanation of the trend in a video that she uploaded in June, which had more than four million views.
Yearbook photo makeover
This one is a filter that makes individuals imagine what they would look like if they had a makeover from the 1990s.
@rosanschoemaker1 All 90s yearbook photos 📚🤓#AgostoDump #aiyearbook #aiyearbooktrend
♬ original sound - Dose of RX | A dose of life ✨️ - RX | A dose of life ✨️
Users choose a filter, strike a stance, and then tap the screen to transform their features into a yearbook portrait that resembles the headshots you could see in a high school yearbook in the United States.
Wes Anderson
This TikTok craze is to pretend to be in a Wes Anderson movie in your daily life, incorporating all of the aesthetic elements that have made Anderson one of the most recognisable directors in history.
@danclemt Vacations but #wesanderson #wesandersontrend #colors #accidentallywesanderson #foryou #pourtoi #foryoupage #summer
♬ Obituary - Alexandre Desplat
You might have seen this trend without realising: expressions that are deadpan, precise symmetry, and centring of the frames and particular colour schemes.