Gambling taxes are common because the American gaming industry is booming. From new casinos to lotteries and online sports betting, there are plenty of opportunities if you enjoy gambling. And data from the American Gaming Association show that you wouldn't be alone. (About 55% of all American adults gambled in the last year).
However, if you're lucky enough to win from a bet or smart gamble, don't forget that the federal government wants its cut through gambling taxes. So, here are 8 things to know about how gambling winnings are taxed.
Whether it's $5 or $5,000, from the track, an office pool, a casino, or a gambling website, all gambling winnings must be reported on your tax return as "other income" on Schedule 1 (Form 1040). If you win a non-cash prize, such as a car or a trip, report its fair market value as income.
And be sure you report all your gambling winnings. The IRS isn't typically hunting down small-time winners, but you should file an accurate income tax return.
Generally, you'll receive an IRS Form W-2G if your gambling winnings are at least $600 and the payout is at least 300 times the amount of your wager.
- For bingo and slot machine winnings, the threshold is $1,200.
- For keno winnings, the threshold is $1,500.
- For poker tournament winnings, the threshold is $5,000.
The payout doesn't have to be 300 times the wager for these types of winnings. Your reportable winnings will be listed in Box 1 of the W-2G form.
If a W-2G is required, the payer (sports betting parlor, casino, racetrack, lottery, etc.) will need to see two forms of identification.
- One form must be a photo ID.
- You also need to provide your Social Security number.
- If you don't have a SSN, then you'll need a taxpayer identification number (TIN).
In some cases, you'll get the W-2G on the spot. Otherwise, for 2024 winnings, the payer must send the form to you by Jan. 31, 2025. In any event, if your bet was with a casino, we're fairly certain you'll get the W-2G. But if your bet was just a friendly wager with a friend or you won an office pool … well, don't count on it.
Generally, if you win more than $5,000 on a wager, and the payout is at least 300 times the amount of your bet, the IRS requires the payer to withhold 24% of your winnings for income taxes. (Special withholding rules apply for winnings from bingo, keno, slot machines, and poker tournaments.)
The amount withheld will be listed in Box 4 of the W-2G form you'll receive. You will also have to sign the W-2G stating under penalty of perjury, that the information listed on the form is correct.
When you file your 1040 for the tax year, include the amount withheld by the payer, as federal income tax withheld. It will be subtracted from the tax you owe. You'll also have to attach the W-2G form to your return.
Again, this is what to expect when you place a bet at a casino, racetrack, sports betting parlor, or with some other legally operated gaming business. Don't expect your friend who is running an office pool, for example, to withhold taxes (although, technically, they should).
Did you have a bad night at the blackjack table or pick the wrong team to win? There's a possible silver lining if you lose a bet or two — your gambling losses might be deductible. (Gambling losses include the actual cost of wagers plus related expenses, such as travel to and from a casino or other gambling establishment.)
There are a couple of important catches, though. First:
- Unless you're a professional gambler (more on that later), you have to itemize in order to deduct gambling losses (itemized deductions are claimed on Schedule A).
- Unfortunately, most people don't itemize. So, if you claim the standard deduction, you're out of luck twice — once for losing your bet and once for not being able to deduct your gambling losses.
The second important catch….
- You can't deduct gambling losses that are more than the winnings you report on your return.
- For example, if you won $100 on one bet but lost $300 on a few others, you can only deduct the first $100 of losses.
- This means that if you were totally down on your luck and had absolutely no gambling winnings for the year, you can't deduct any of your losses.
Also, according to the IRS, "to deduct your [gambling] losses, you must be able to provide receipts, tickets, statements or other records that show the amount of both your winnings and losses."
Note: If you are a professional gambler, you can deduct your losses as business expenses on Schedule C without having to itemize.
However, a note of caution: An activity only qualifies as a business if your primary purpose is to make a profit and you're continually and regularly involved in it. Sporadic activities or hobbies don't qualify as a business.
Gambling winnings and losses must be reported separately.
For example, imagine you made four separate $100 bets on four different horses to win a race. If you won $500 for the one bet you got right, you must report the full $500 as taxable income. You can't reduce your gambling winnings ($500) by your gambling losses ($400) and only report the difference ($100) as income. If you itemize, you can claim a $400 deduction for your losses, but your winnings and losses must be handled separately on your tax return.
To help you keep track of how much you've won or lost during the year, the IRS suggests keeping a diary or similar record of your gambling activities.
At a minimum, your records should include:
- The dates and types of specific wagers or gambling activities
- The name and address/location of each casino, racetrack, or other gambling establishment you visited
- The names of other people with you at each gambling site, and
- The amounts that you won or lost.
You should also keep other items as proof of gambling winnings and losses. For example, hold on to all W-2G forms, wagering tickets, canceled checks, credit records, bank withdrawals, and statements of actual winnings or payment slips provided by casinos, sports betting parlors, racetracks, or other gambling establishments.
If you receive a W-2G form along with your gambling winnings, don't forget that the IRS is also getting a copy of the form. So, the IRS expects you to claim those winnings on your tax return.
Recently, a new report found that millions of taxpayers could be impacted by increased compliance and tax collection efforts. In addition to hauling back billions from high-income earners, the IRS is taking action to improve gambling compliance. Read more on Kiplinger’s report, Is the IRS Coming for Your Gambling Winnings?
Deducting large gambling losses can also raise red flags at the IRS. Remember, casual gamblers can only claim losses as itemized deductions on Schedule A up to the amount of their winnings.
Be careful if you're deducting losses on Schedule C, too. The IRS is always looking for supposed "business" activities that are just hobbies.
If you look carefully at Form W-2G you'll notice there are boxes for reporting state and local winnings and withholding. That's because you may also owe state or local taxes on your gambling winnings.
The state where you live generally taxes all your income — including gambling winnings. However, if you travel to another state to place a bet, you might be surprised to learn that the other state wants to tax your winnings. And they could withhold the tax from your payout to ensure they get what they're owed.
You won't be taxed twice, though. The state where you live should give you a tax credit for taxes you pay to the other state.
Also, you may or may not, be able to deduct gambling losses on your state tax return. Check with your state tax department for the rules where you live.
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