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When Pope Francis makes his trip to Asia’s newest country, East Timor, it will make him the second pope to visit after John Paul in 1989, and the first since the country gained independence from Indonesia in 2002.
It also comes only two years after the Vatican acknowledged that the Nobel Peace Prize-winning, East Timorese independence hero Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo had sexually abused young boys, and three years after a popular American missionary was convicted of molesting young girls.
The two clergymen still enjoy widespread support among the overwhelming Catholic people of East Timor, for their staunch support of the country during its bloody struggle for independence.
An Associated Press visit to the capital, Dili, ahead of Francis' visit, which starts Sept. 9, found that most people downplay, doubt, or dismiss the claims against the two.
Experts say that if Francis chooses to tackle the issue head-on and apologize to the largely-ignored victims, it could be a landmark moment of his papacy.
Here are some takeaways from AP's report ahead of the papal visit.
Accusations against the clergymen
Belo suddenly retired in 2002 as the head of the church in East Timor, citing health reasons and stress.
Belo, today 76, was then sent by the Vatican and his Salesian missionary order to another former Portuguese colony, Mozambique, to work as a missionary priest where he said he spent his time “teaching catechism to children, giving retreats to young people.”
It wasn't until 2022 that the allegations against him became widely known, when Dutch journalist Tjiyske Lingsma published a report detailing them.
The day after Lingsma's story went out, the Vatican confirmed that Belo had been secretly sanctioned two years earlier, and that restrictions placed on him included a ban on voluntary contact with minors.
Lingsma also helped bring to light the case of missionary Richard Daschbach to light with a report in 2019.
Rumors had been building against the priest, and by the time the report was published, he had already confessed in a letter to church authorities to abusing young girls from at least 1991 to 2012.
“It is impossible for me to remember even the faces of many of them, let alone the names,” he wrote.
The 87-year-old was defrocked by the Vatican and criminally charged in East Timor, where he was convicted in 2021 and is now serving 12 years in prison.
Why do they continue to enjoy strong support?
Belo won the Nobel Peace Prize for his bravery in drawing international attention to Indonesian human rights abuses during the long and bloody conflict against Indonesia, sharing it with current East Timor President Jose Ramos-Horta.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee, in its citation, praised Belo’s courage in refusing to be intimidated by Indonesian forces. The committee noted that while trying to get the United Nations to arrange a plebiscite for East Timor, he smuggled out two witnesses to a bloody 1991 massacre so they could testify to the U.N. human rights commission in Geneva.
Similarly, Daschbach, the son of a Pittsburgh steelworker, was widely celebrated for his role in helping save lives in the struggle for independence, particularly in the remote enclave of Oecusse, where he spent decades as a missionary.
More broadly, the church's opposition to Indonesia's military occupation and support for the resistance over years of bloody fighting that saw as many as 200,000 people killed, is so respected that it is even noted in the preamble to the young country's constitution.
That has fostered an environment where it is difficult for victims of abuse to speak out for fear of being labeled anti-church, and where men like Belo and Daschbach continue to receive support from all walks of society.
Even after Daschbach's conviction, Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao, an independence hero himself, has visited him in prison — hand-feeding him cake and serving him wine on his birthday — and has said winning the ex-priest’s early release is a priority for him.
What will Francis do?
Pope Francis will come face to face with the Timorese faithful. But so far, there is no word if he will meet with victims or even mention the sex abuse directly, as he has in other countries where the rank-and-file faithful have demanded an accounting from the hierarchy for how it failed to protect their children.
Even though he faces no pressure from those inside the country to apologize to the victims of Belo and Daschbach, Lingsma says it would be “deeply meaningful” to them if he did, adding that she also knew of allegations in several other cases that had not yet come to the public's attention.
With the support enjoyed by the two clergymen, including from top levels, their victims must be feeling alone and isolated, but Francis could “utterly transform this situation by becoming the victims' champion," said Anne Barrett Doyle, of the online resource Bishop Accountability.
She said it could be a “landmark moment” for his papacy if he were to show moral outrage on their behalf.
“Francis could even address the country’s hidden victims, promising his support and urging them to contact him directly about their abuse — he literally could save lives,” she said.
“And the impact of such a message would be felt not just in East Timor, but throughout Asia and Africa, where surely hundreds of thousands of clergy sex abuse victims are suffering.”
Timorese historian Luciano Valentim da Conceixao suggested, however, that Belo and Daschbach's role in East Timor's independence should not be discounted.
“Clergymen are not free from mistakes,” da Conceixao conceded. “But we, the Timorese, have to look with a clear mind at the mistakes they made and the good they did for the country, for the freedom of a million people, and of course the value is not the same.”
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Rising reported from Bangkok.
