
In June 2023, Ibrahim Shumo and some friends fled war-torn Sudan’s West Darfur, the members of the “non-Arab” Masalit tribe knew they would be killed if they stayed any longer.
They feared the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and their allied militias from “Arab tribes” – the mainly nomadic and pastoralist communities in Darfur. Sedentary farming tribes are referred to as “non-Arab”.