Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez says Spain and Morocco have agreed to set aside their differences as they seek to repair a relationship marked by frequent disputes over migration and territory.
Sanchez was speaking on Thursday at a summit in Rabat where the two countries signed about 20 agreements to boost trade and investment, including credit lines of up to 800 million euros.
“We have agreed on a commitment to mutual respect, whereby in our discourse and in our political practice we will avoid everything that we know offends the other party, especially regarding our respective spheres of sovereignty,” Sanchez said.
There have been regular diplomatic crises over Spain’s enclaves in North Africa, Morocco’s dispute with rebels over the Western Sahara region, and the arrival of refugees and migrants in Spain each year through Morocco.
Morocco refuses to recognise Spanish sovereignty over the enclaves Ceuta and Melilla but, last year, the two countries agreed to open the first customs control point at Ceuta.
Madrid says that reflects Rabat’s recognition of the enclaves as foreign territory but Morocco has made no public statement indicating that its long-held stance that the enclaves should be part of its territory has changed.
Sanchez restored cordial relations with Rabat in March 2022 after he reversed Spain’s policy on the disputed territory of Western Sahara by backing Morocco’s proposal to create an autonomous region. The Algeria-backed breakaway movement Polisario Front seeks to establish an independent state in the region.
Yasmine Hasnaoui, a North Africa specialist at the Institute of Saharan Studies Al Andalous, told Al Jazeera that Sanchez’s visit to Rabat marked a reset of relations with Morocco.
“The visit of the Spanish government to Morocco is ushering a new era thanks to a clear-cut roadmap after Spain unequivocally acknowledged the historical sovereignty of Morocco over its territory in the Western Sahara through the autonomy plan,” she said.
“The Spanish prime minister has reiterated today that [in] this new phase of bilateral relations with Morocco, [it] is considered an important partner with the EU in fighting extremism, terrorism and aiding the bloc’s migration policy.”
As the third largest destination for Spanish exports around the world, Hasnaoui said Spain also sees Morocco as a strategic economic partner.
“Spain has become aware that its profit is not only found in Europe but rather its interests are largely found in Morocco and the south in general,” she added.
But forging better relations between the neighbours has forced members of Sanchez’s Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party into some uncomfortable positions.
Last month, its MEPs voted against a resolution in the European Parliament to call on Morocco to improve its record on press freedom. MEP Juan Fernando Lopez said this week that maintaining cordial neighbourly relations sometimes involved “swallowing a toad”.
Tensions with Algeria
Madrid’s about-turn on Western Sahara drew the ire of Algeria, a Polisario Front ally, which suspended trade with Spain and warned it could cut the flow of natural gas to Spain even as it forges closer gas ties with Italy.
Spanish exports to Algeria fell by 41 percent to 1 billion euros in the January-November 2022 period compared with a year earlier, according to the Ministry of Industry. Its exports to Morocco rose by 27 percent to 10.8 billion euros in the same period.
Spain expects to get a significant chunk of the 45 billion euros that Morocco is expected to invest by 2050 in improving infrastructure, a Spanish government source said.
Spanish companies are well positioned to win concessions in key sectors of Rabat’s development plan, such as in water sanitation and renewable energy, the person said.
State-owned railway operators Renfe and Adif are working with their Moroccan counterpart to develop new train lines, which could mean 6 billion euros of business.
Spain is discussing how to remove Morocco from a grey list of money laundering countries, another government source said.
A delegation from the Financial Action Task Force, a Paris-based global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog, visited Morocco last month and is expected to announce later this month its decision on whether Morocco can be removed from the list.
In Rabat on Thursday, Moroccan Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch expressed satisfaction at Spain’s support for Morocco’s autonomy plan as the “most credible solution” to resolve the Western Sahara dispute, but did not reference an agreement to set aside all sovereignty disputes.
A joint declaration made no mention of Spain’s enclaves in Morocco, although it reiterated Spain’s new position on Western Sahara.
Morocco said it expected Spain’s upcoming presidency of the European Union would mean it could act as a conduit for better relations with the bloc.
