Russia has continued to use intermediary companies, including one apparently based in the UK, to import aviation tyres made by the French firm Michelin despite attempts to stop the trade, customs records suggest.
Despite sanctions on the sale of tyres to Russia, which is critically dependent on foreign suppliers, an analysis of records indicates that a significant number are continuing to get through.
The Guardian reported in September 2024 that shipments of Michelin tyres worth $28m had been received in 2023 despite the company having ceased all exports to Russia since March 2022 after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
New data suggests that sales have continued, although in reduced numbers, despite Michelin’s rolling attempts to cut off the trade by adapting their systems for monitoring the diversion of their products.
Between October 2024, after the publication of the Guardian’s report, and March 2025, Russia received 2,687 Michelin tyres worth more than $7m (£5.2m), records analysed by the Economic Security Council of Ukraine indicate.
Analysis of the full year of 2024, suggests that sales were facilitated by intermediaries, none of which are clients of Michelin. There is no suggestion of wrongdoing by Michelin, which has closed all its commercial and industrial activities in Russia.
Deliveries appear to have been sent by companies based in Turkey, Spain, Saudi Arabia, India and one apparently British firm named as General Trade Solutions (UK). There is no firm registered with the UK’s Companies House of that name.
The largest Russian importer in 2024 of Michelin tyres, Melaris LLC, was a supplier of the Russian military- industrial complex.
A spokesperson for Michelin said the company was “committed to scrupulously complying with applicable economic and financial sanctions concerning Russia” and had “established dedicated internal processes and organisation to ensure this compliance”.
The company said that none of the Michelin tyres seemingly exported to Russia were for military use and that it had recently strengthened its compliance programme by “implementing enhanced controls in addition to existing measures to further mitigate diversion risk”.
The spokesperson added: “The adaptation of our compliance programme to diversion risk has significantly reduced instances of circumventions, as indicated by your recent figures.
“However, we remain vigilant regarding the quality of the data provided by such reports, as there is no guarantee that the tyres mentioned are indeed Michelin Group products notably due to risk of counterfeiting and false declaration.
“Furthermore, it is important to note that the aviation tyre industry is unique, with standard compatibility of an aviation tyre across all copies of the same aircraft model and a complex commercial chain involving several distributors and resellers.”
Roman Steblivskyi, a policy expert with the Economic Security Council of Ukraine, said: “Russian aviation – civilian and military alike – remains dependent on western aviation tyres due to their superior quality. Therefore, Michelin should take a more proactive approach in preventing the illicit re-export of its products to Russia through third countries.
“Michelin’s duty of care frameworks refer to tracking the origins of specific minerals under the ‘human rights’ section; however, they do not address monitoring or preventing the supply of Michelin products to authoritarian states such as Russia.
“This gap raises questions about whether the company’s due-diligence standards are aligned with the current geopolitical environment and the risks associated with sanctions evasion.”
France’s duty of care (vigilance) law requires large French companies to create and publish a plan to identify, prevent, and mitigate risks to human rights, health, safety, and the environment across their own operations, subsidiaries, and supply chains.
A Michelin spokesperson said export control and sanctions risks were not something that French legislation required them to address but that “even if not explicitly mentioned in our latest duty of care plan, Michelin Group has implemented and consistently reviewed and strengthened its export control and sanctions compliance policy, adapting its measures and controls to address diversion risks”.
