RNA is key to the dark matter of the genome − scientists are sequencing it to illuminate human health and disease

There is still a great deal unknown about RNA and its modifications. Christoph Burgstedt/Science Photo Library via Getty Images

Although there are striking differences between the cells that make up your eyes, kidneys, brain and toes, the DNA blueprint for these cells is essentially the same. Where do those differences come from?

Scientists are realizing the defining qualities that make up each cell actually lie in a cousin of DNA called RNA.