Recent official figures from Japan's Health Ministry have revealed a concerning surge in cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a highly fatal bacterial infection. As of June 2, a total of 977 cases of STSS have been recorded, resulting in 77 deaths between January and March.
STSS is a rare but severe bacterial infection that can lead to life-threatening complications when bacteria invade deep tissues and the bloodstream. Initial symptoms include fever, muscle pain, and vomiting, but the infection can rapidly progress to low blood pressure, swelling, and multiple organ failure.
The primary cause of STSS is the group A streptococcus (GAS) bacteria, which typically manifests as fever and throat infections in children. In some instances, the strep A bacteria can become invasive, producing toxins that allow it to enter the bloodstream and cause serious illnesses like toxic shock.
While invasive group A strep infections were initially reduced by Covid-19 control measures such as masking and social distancing, the relaxation of these protocols has coincided with a rise in cases globally. In Japan, authorities have observed a significant increase in STSS cases, particularly among individuals under 50 years of age.
Experts are currently investigating the reasons behind the surge in STSS cases in Japan. Professor Ken Kikuchi from Tokyo Women's Medical University suggested that weakened immune systems following the Covid-19 pandemic may have contributed to the spike. The absence of regular exposure to bacteria during the pandemic could have left more individuals vulnerable to infections.
While older individuals with open wounds and recent surgery patients are at higher risk of contracting STSS, nearly half of those affected have unclear origins of bacterial entry into the body. This mystery surrounding the transmission of the infection adds complexity to the ongoing situation.
The rise in STSS cases in Japan underscores the importance of continued vigilance and research to better understand and combat this deadly bacterial infection.
