Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize-winning psychologist and pioneer in behavioural economics, highlighted a powerful psychological bias that can influence investment decisions: the tendency to sell stocks that have performed well while holding on to investments that have fallen.
Kahneman described this behaviour as a choice between pleasure and pain. Investors often prefer to lock in gains because selling a profitable investment provides an immediate sense of satisfaction. At the same time, they may avoid selling a losing investment because doing so forces them to acknowledge a loss.