The worst thing a parent can go through had already happened to Christine Durand. Her son Steven was missing, and she had no idea if he was even alive. But what Christine, who is now 70, didn’t realise was that things were only going to get worse over the coming months and years.
“I just feel like they’ve not cared at all, like I’ve been left on the shelf,” she tells The Independent. “I used to have to go down to the police station every single day about my son, crying. They let me down on many occasions.”
Steven was meant to be travelling from his sister’s flat to his home in Preston on the day he disappeared – 19 October 2018. He had lost his phone, so all he had on him was his bus fare.
After Christine reported Steven missing, Lancashire Constabulary put out public appeals for the 31-year-old, who Christine said was known to officers as he suffered from mental health issues. But they misidentified his ethnicity twice, describing him as white when he is mixed-race.
“Everything I asked the police to do, they did the opposite,” says Christine, citing incidents such as the police breaking down the door of Steven’s flat when she had told them she had a spare key. “I think the police are racist – I think they didn’t care about my son because he was mixed-race.”
Christine, from Leyland, believes that her son, whom she describes as “the kindest person you could meet”, could have been found if the police had handled the investigation better.
Only 31 per cent of missing Black people, and 35 per cent of missing Asian people, are found by police, compared with 39 per cent of white people who go missing, according to research carried out by the charity Missing People.
That report also found that Black and Asian children are more likely to be missing for longer periods of time than white children. One in five missing person incidents relating to Black children lasted for longer than 48 hours, compared with 14 per cent of those involving Asian children, and 13 per cent for white children.
Missing People has now launched its new SafeCall service, a national lifeline designed to support the 72,000 children who go missing in the UK every year. The Independent reached its £165,000 fundraising target last month, enabling the free, confidential, round-the-clock service to go live.
Evidence Joel’s experience echoes that of Christine. Her son Richard Okorogheye, then aged 19, went missing from Ladbroke Grove, London, on 22 March 2021. Evidence, 43, says she reported Richard as missing to police the following day, telling them he was away from home without his medication for sickle cell anaemia.
But she claims that officers did not treat her concerns with urgency, and describes the investigation as a “disaster”, alleging that she was told: “Don’t worry, he’ll come back home”, and even: “If you can’t find your son, how do you expect us to?”
Richard was found dead in Epping Forest two weeks later, on 5 April.
Evidence, a nurse, believes that her son might have been found alive if the investigation had been handled properly. “I felt the whole thing was governed by discrimination and racism,” she says. “Every day I have to go through this agony in my heart, knowing something maybe could’ve been done, but nothing was done. I remember having sleepless nights, walking barefoot from my house to Ladbroke Grove police station, crying, begging them to look for my child.”
The Metropolitan Police did apologise to Evidence for providing a level of service that was “not at a level the public would expect of us”, but it did not acknowledge any discriminatory treatment. An Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) investigation identified several failures by police and described the level of service that Evidence received as “unacceptable”, but it found that “the evidence did not indicate that any delay in upgrading Richard’s risk level was due to his or Ms Joel’s race”.
In Christine’s case, she made a complaint, and an internal investigation by Lancashire Constabulary found that there was “insufficient evidence” that Steven had been discriminated against on the basis of his race or mental health. The force declined to comment on this.
Lancashire Constabulary also disputed Christine’s claims about the door being broken down, but the IOPC upheld her allegation after a review of her complaint. It added that the constabulary had apologised for misidentifying his ethnicity.
Josie Allan, head of policy and partnerships at Missing People, says the charity has heard from a number of families who have felt discriminated against because of their race. Explaining why investigations might be coming to competing conclusions, she says that “underlying systemic bias” will be affecting police responses, but that its “insidious” nature makes it difficult to pinpoint.
“There are inherent issues in being able to identify discrimination in the complaints process,” says Allan. “We know that data shows there are disparities for Black missing people, so there’s a gap between the evidence about the disparities and the acknowledgement of them... The data and the sheer amount of families who are raising concerns should be raising very serious concerns within policing that there is a pattern.”
She notes that the IOPC has recently revised its guidance in an effort to improve the “problematic” handling of discrimination complaints.
In 2021, the home affairs select committee’s “Macpherson: 20 Years On” inquiry suggested that police services had largely failed to overcome perceptions of institutional racism following the initial inquiry into the murder of Stephen Lawrence, which found consistent evidence of “over-policing” and “under-protection” of Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.
On the matter of Steven Durand, a spokesperson for Lancashire Constabulary said: “We’ve carried out extensive inquiries in relation to CCTV, telephony, searches of open land and waterways, inquiries with associates, witnesses, health agencies and financial checks and numerous media appeals, prior to the decision to archive the investigation.”
The force said that “difficult” decisions, such as archiving a case, sometimes have to be made, but that “any new information will be fully investigated”.
On the case of Richard Okorogheye, a Met Police spokesperson said: “When Richard went missing in 2021, hundreds of officers worked tirelessly over 15 days as part of the extensive search, which also included specialist search teams, dogs and horses, and colleagues from Essex Police, before his body was sadly found.”
They said that the force accepted all of the IOPC’s recommendations from its 2022 investigation, and that it had “made a significant number of changes to the way we respond from the moment a person is reported missing”. They added: “This includes putting more emphasis on engaging with the person who reports someone missing, so we can better understand the risks they face.”
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For advice, support and options if you or a child you love goes missing, contact safecall.org.uk
