For decades, Sweden has fostered a self-image as something of a world record-holder for peace, celebrating more than two centuries since it was last at war. But this record involves some creative accounting. The narrative, for example, excludes Sweden’s participation in modern-day military operations in Afghanistan and Libya.
Nor has Swedish “peacefulness” been entirely pacifist. The country operated one of the world’s largest air forces during the cold war, for example. But less well known is how far Sweden progressed towards developing nuclear weapons of its own. Despite never producing a bomb, the history of its unrealised nuclear weapons programme offers important insights for understanding security policy today.
