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The Conversation
The Conversation
Environment
John H. Knox, Professor of International Law, Wake Forest University

New set of human rights principles aims to end displacement and abuse of Indigenous people through ‘fortress conservation’

Many protected areas, including California's Yosemite National Park, displaced Indigenous people in the name of protecting wildlands. Matthew Dillon/Flickr

For more than a century, conservationists have worked to preserve natural ecosystems by creating national parks and protected areas. Today the Earth faces a global biodiversity crisis, with more than 1 million species at risk of extinction. This makes it even more important to conserve places where at-risk species can thrive.

In 2022, governments around the world committed to protect 30% of the entire planet by 2030, nearly doubling the current coverage. They also agreed to respect the rights of Indigenous peoples, whose lands contain large shares of the world’s remaining natural ecosystems.

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