From today, councils will be able to apply for new powers to fine motorists for a long list of driving offences.
Moving traffic offences - which include driving in a bus lane, stopping on a yellow box junction, making an illegal U-turn and going the wrong way down a one-way street - can only be enforced by the police in most areas of England and Wales. Previously there were exceptions in London and Cardiff.
But from today (Tuesday, May 31), all local authorities will be able to apply for the power to fine motorists, from £20 for lower level fines paid promptly, up to £105 for late payment of more serious transgressions, such as parking on a cycle path.