Before Yuri Gargarin jetted into space and Neil Armstrong walked on the dusty surface of the moon, animals like dogs, monkeys and chimps became the world's first astronauts.
As the Earth, the planet NASA's programme was trying to blast away from, turned into the 1960s, the Americans switched to using chimps as the main part of their Mercury space project.
They settled on Ham, a chimp from Cameroon who was trained to operate and pull levers through the promise of treats and the punishment of electric shocks.
