Amsterdam (AFP) - Food scientists on Tuesday unveiled a giant meatball made from lab-grown flesh of an extinct woolly mammoth, saying the protein from the past showed the way for future foods.
The glistening meatball was displayed under a glass bell jar by Australian-based cultivated meat firm Vow at the NEMO science museum in the Dutch capital Amsterdam.
But it is not ready to be eaten just yet, with the thousands-of-years-old protein requiring safety testing before modern humans can tuck in.
"We chose woolly mammoth meat because it is a symbol of loss, wiped out by climate change," Tim Noakesmith, co-founder of Vow, told AFP at the event.
"We face a similar fate if we don't do things differently," including changing practices such as large-scale farming and how we eat, Noakesmith said.
Grown over a period of several weeks, the meat was "cultivated" by scientists who first identified the DNA sequence for mammoth myoglobin, a key protein that gives the meat its flavour.
Filling in some gaps in the sequence of the mammoth myoglobin by using genes from the African elephant, the mammoth's closest living relative, it was then inserted into sheep cells using an electrical charge.
Tastes like chicken?
If that process doesn't put you off, then the safety issues might.
"I won't eat it at the moment because we haven't seen this protein for 4,000 years," said Ernst Wolvetang of the Queensland University's Australian Institute of Bioengineering who worked with Vow on the project.
"But after safety testing, I'd be really curious to see what it tastes like."
The scientists slow-cooked the giant ball in an oven before browning the outside with a blowtorch.
"It smelt a bit like when we cook our crocodile meat," James Ryan, Vow's chief scientific officer told the audience.
Christopher Bryant, a British-based expert in alternative proteins told AFP prospective lab-meat lovers had nothing to fear from cultured meat.
"Unlike conventional meat, which comes from dirty and unpredictable animals, cultivated meat is produced with extreme precision in sanitised food production facilities," he said.
"Because of this, cultivated meat avoids the foodborne pathogens, antibiotics, and other contaminants frequently found in meat from animals," he told AFP.
'Meat redefined'
The mammoth meatball's display of the link between climate change and future foods comes as global meat consumption has almost doubled since the early 1960s, according to figures by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization.
Global livestock farming represented some 14.5 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans, the FAO said, as climate change warmed up the planet.
Meat consumption is projected to increase more than 70 percent by 2050, and scientists have increasingly been turning to alternatives such as plant-based meats and lab-grown meat.
Self-confessed "failed vegan" Noakesmith said his Sydney-based startup was not aiming to stop people from eating meat, but to "give them something that's better" and convert them to the idea of lab-created protein.
"We chose to make a mammoth meatball to draw attention to the fact that the future of food can be better and more sustainable."
Food scientists said Vow, which planned to launch its first product, lab-grown Japanese quail in Singapore in a few months "is an attempt to redefine what cultured meat is."
"Instead of trying to normalise cultured meat, the mammoth meatball tries to stress how different the technology is," said Neil Stephens, a senior lecturer in technology and society at the University of Birmingham in central England.
"It suggests a future where we eat meat that is completely different to the meat we eat today, made from species we've never been in contact with," he told AFP.
