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Andrew E. Busch, Professor and Associate Director, Institute of American Civics, University of Tennessee

Mail ballot mirages aren’t fraud, but mail ballot fraud isn’t a complete myth

A worker inspects a ballot the day after California's primary election at the Los Angeles County Ballot Processing Center on June 3, 2026. Jae C. Hong/AP Photo

The 2026 primaries are resurfacing controversies about mail-in ballots that were at the heart of election disputes in 2020.

California’s June 2 primary – in which candidates from every party ran together and the top two advanced to the general election – raised eyebrows because of its so-called “red mirage.” A mirage is a misleading early count that can temporarily show a candidate ahead in a race, sometimes by a significant margin.

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