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Politics
Michael Scott Bryant, Professor of History and Legal Studies, Bryant University

Kristallnacht, 85 years ago, marks the point Hitler moved from an emotional antisemitism to a systematic antisemitism of laws and government violence

The Boerneplatz synagogue in flames on Nov. 10, 1938, during the 'Night of Broken Glass' in Frankfurt, Germany. History/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

Late in 1938, Nazis across Germany attacked Jews and their homes, businesses and places of worship and arrested about 30,000 Jewish men. The attacks became known as Kristallnacht – the “Night of Broken Glass” – for the streets littered with broken glass from the vandalism.

But the pogrom of Nov. 9-10, 1938, went beyond the broken glass of Jewish-owned shops on the streets of German cities and has rightly been called a major turning point in the history of the Holocaust.

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