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It was never going to be easy. But Intel’s latest problems still caught the company, and Wall Street, off guard.
Disappointing revenue and a weak earnings outlook led to the drastic plan to eliminate 15,000 jobs, cut $10 billion in costs in 2025, and suspend the quarterly dividend. In a company memo, CEO Pat Gelsinger pointed out the stark reality that sales were $24 billion higher in 2020 than they were last year, while headcount is 10% higher than then.
The problem was summed up by Morningstar analyst Brian Colello in a recent post: “Even though Intel is doing the proper work to focus on leading-edge chip manufacturing, it appears that many of its customers in various end markets might be leaving Intel behind.”
The frenzied AI investment from Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and others took off faster and will last longer than Intel and others expected. Intel was already losing market share in traditional data center chips. Now the AI boom has crowded out Intel even more, and there’s little sign that will change, as Nvidia’s must-have AI chips continue to gain steam.
Intel’s success or failure is bigger than one company. The chip giant is at the heart of America’s new industrial policy to fend off competition from China and bring chipmaking back home. The federal investment is on top of massive spending by Intel to build new manufacturing facilities, for both its own chips and – for the first time – for outside customers, including some of its own rivals.
Intel could eventually give companies such as Apple and Nvidia an alternative to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Taiwan’s dominant chipmaker, which builds almost all leading-edge chips. Intel itself has had to outsource production of its top chip designs to TSMC, a clear sign of how much the once-dominant chip giant has stumbled.
If Intel can build a successful manufacturing business for external customers, it would lessen disruptions in global supply chains, and assuage fears that China might invade Taiwan in the not-too-distant future. A revitalized Intel would give chip designers options, rather than being forced to accept TSMC’s technology and prices and hope that nothing happens to threaten Taiwan’s security. It would also meet the growing capacity demands of what will be a $1 trillion chip market by the early 2030s.
“The finish line is within sight,” CEO Pat Gelsinger said to analysts last week, referring to the technology transition at the 56-year-old company.
Recall that before the bold rebuilding plan launched in 2021, some investors were calling for Intel to ditch manufacturing entirely and focus solely on chip design, which would have been a drastic change for a company that tightly integrates and benefits from both phases of the process. It also would have left the U.S. with no leading-edge chip manufacturer and cemented TSMC’s virtual monopoly on high-end chipmaking.
Here are some key takeaways for the next couple of years:
This isn’t the last shoe to drop at Intel. The current round of cost-cutting affects all divisions, but it’s likely that Intel will have to make harder choices, including potentially dropping bigger projects. CEO Gelsinger likens this recent decision, and the overall Intel turnaround plan, to the company’s painful decision to exit the memory chip business 40 years ago. Amid unrelenting competition, the hefty cost cuts risk axing R&D projects that might yield the next big thing for Intel.
Congressional scrutiny is likely, as is stepped-up criticism of U.S. industrial policy. With the federal government committing $8.5 billion to Intel through CHIPS Act subsidies, expect members of Congress to question the layoffs and cost cuts. Gelsinger reiterated that the subsidies are based on hitting manufacturing milestones, which he still expects to hit. Still, there could be more delays for planned projects, such as Intel’s new megaproject in Ohio, which could set off congressional inquiries and further weigh on the beleaguered company.
It won’t happen anytime soon, but expect more calls to split Intel into two publicly traded firms: One company that designs leading-edge chips, and another focused on manufacturing chips for outside customers. The turnaround plan launched in 2021 created those two business lines, but Intel continues to say it’s essential to have both under one roof. Historically, Intel has thrived from both designing and building chips, but investors could push harder for a split to unlock profits. However, such a drastic move is unlikely in the near term, as it would devastate Intel’s strategy to regain chip leadership.
There are some bright spots in the near term. The company has already shipped 15 million units of its AI PC chips and expects to hit 40 million this year. Its latest AI accelerator, which will compete with Nvidia’s product, comes out later this year and will grab at least some market share among AI data center chips. And while it doesn’t have an overall lead, Intel does have a cutting-edge manufacturing capability.
Much of the bold turnaround plan is on track, including doubling down on manufacturing and catching industry leader Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company. Intel has leapfrogged manufacturing process technologies in a compressed timeline and installed the latest fabrication tools. The company still estimates it will make over $15 billion in yearly revenue from external chip customers by 2030. A promising sign would be if Intel announces Nvidia, Apple or other big names as customers for its chipmaking business.
Intel’s strategic importance, for the U.S. and other nations, gives it a backstop of support. The chipmaker is one of only three firms capable of leading-edge manufacturing, along with Samsung and TSMC. With the U.S. and its allies looking to diversify the supply chain beyond TSMC, there’s built-in support from Western nations and customers looking for a reliable alternative. Still, Intel has to deliver best-in-class manufacturing and prove itself to early customers.
This forecast first appeared in The Kiplinger Letter, which has been running since 1923 and is a collection of concise weekly forecasts on business and economic trends, as well as what to expect from Washington, to help you understand what’s coming up to make the most of your investments and your money. Subscribe to The Kiplinger Letter.
