Air pollution has emerged as a formidable global concern due to its severe repercussions on both human health and the environment. Amidst the myriad health risks associated with air pollution, a rising area of apprehension pertains to its deleterious impact on heart health and the exacerbation of heart failure.
Particulate matter (PM), a pivotal constituent of air pollution, has been identified as a major contributor to heart failure. Particularly, fine particulate matter, denoted as PM2.5, and coarse particulate matter, designated as PM10, are inhalable particles capable of infiltrating the respiratory system and entering the bloodstream. Once within the bloodstream, these particles can incite inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby giving rise to adverse cardiovascular effects.
