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The Conversation
The Conversation
Christopher Ferguson, Associate Professor of History, Auburn University

How Valentine’s Day was transformed by the Industrial Revolution and ‘manufactured intimacy’

A popular Victorian-era Valentine Day's card. Valentine Card by Jonathan King,1860-1880, London Museum., CC BY

When we think of Valentine’s Day, chubby Cupids, hearts and roses generally come to mind, not industrial processes like mass production and the division of labor. Yet the latter were essential to the holiday’s history.

As a historian researching material culture and emotions, I’m aware of the important role the exchange of manufactured greeting cards played in the 19th-century version of Valentine’s Day.

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