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Paul M. Collins Jr., Professor of Legal Studies and Political Science, UMass Amherst

How the US Supreme Court decides its cases – a step-by-step guide

Demonstrators gather in front of the Supreme Court building on June 23, 2026, in Washington. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Each June, the nation turns its attention to the U.S. Supreme Court as it hands down some of its most consequential decisions.

Long before a landmark Supreme Court ruling dominates the headlines, it is shaped by a highly structured legal process, much of which takes place out of public view. This procedure involves strict gatekeeping rules, a series of private conferences, written briefs, oral arguments and, finally, the announcement of an opinion.

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