Washington [US]: Researchers have developed a screening method to discover new drug targets for cancer treatment in the so-called 'Dark Matter' of the genome. They applied their method to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the greatest cancer killer for which effective therapies are urgently sought. They could show that inhibiting identified targets could greatly slow down cancer growth, and their method is adaptable to other cancers.
For new targets, they looked at the poorly-understood class of genes called "long noncoding RNAs (Ribonucleic acids)" (lncRNAs). LncRNAs exist in abundance in the so-called "Dark Matter" or non-protein-coding DNA that constitutes the vast majority of our genome. The human genome contains around 20,000 "classical" protein-coding genes, but this number is dwarfed by 100,000 lncRNAs. Of 99% of lncRNAs the biological functions are unknown.
