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Andrew Latham, Professor of Political Science, Macalester College

Gunboat diplomacy: How classic naval coercion has evolved into hybrid warfare on the water

The USS Sampson docks at the Amador International Cruise Terminal in Panama City on Sept. 2, 2025. Daniel Gonzalez/Anadolu via Getty Images

Over the summer, the United States deployed warships to the Caribbean – ostensibly to menace drug traffickers but also as a none-too-subtle warning to Venezuela. Earlier in the year, a U.S. Navy destroyer bobbed along waters close to Iran for similar reasons. And in the Taiwan Straits and Pacific, China and the U.S. frequently show off their respective maritime military might.

Close to 200 years after first being used to assert geopolitical dominance, gunboat diplomacy is very much alive and well.

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