'Full-stack sovereignty' is a seductive dream, and for most countries, a pipe dream. Only the US and China have anything close to the capital, industrial depth, research base and geopolitical weight required to pursue it at scale. Even they have dependencies. For India, Europe, Japan, Brazil and most others, attempting to replicate every layer would consume extraordinary resources and still leave gaps. A better idea would be non-aligned sovereignty (NAS).
NAS is not technological isolation. It means preserving optionality. India should use the best Nvidia GPUs where indispensable, build indigenous compute and semiconductor capability where strategically important, use Indian models for Indian languages and public systems, deploy Chinese open-weight models where they offer cost and control advantages, and maintain multiple cloud and software options so that no single government or company can hold the country hostage.
