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Environment
David Werner, Professor in Environmental Systems Modelling, Newcastle University

Five ways to know if a river is polluted – and whether it's safe to go in the water

Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock

England’s rivers are in a mess. Just 14% are in good ecological condition – and that’s just the ones that are regularly assessed.

There are many reasons for this. They include growing pressure on ageing sewer systems from housing developments and extreme weather, misconnected drains, intensive livestock and poultry farms, the flushing of wet wipes, and illegal waste dumping and littering.

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