Russian President Vladimir Putin is seeking a fifth term as Russians vote from Friday to Sunday in an election that has already raised transparency and accountability concerns. After two anti-war candidates were disqualified, the remaining three have all supported the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Russia is holding a presidential election that is set to hand President Vladimir Putin another six-year mandate despite the upheaval triggered by Moscow's war in Ukraine.
After a 2021 constitutional reform altered Russian term limits, Putin could remain in power until 2036. He was first elected president in 2000.
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe has said its election observers were not invited to monitor the 2024 vote to ensure an "impartial and independent assessment" of the electoral process.
Here are five things to know about the Russian election:
No anti-war opposition
The only would-be candidates opposed to the campaign in Ukraine, Boris Nadezhdin and Yekaterina Duntsova, who gathered tens of thousands of signatures to support their candidacies, had their applications turned down.
Read moreRussians queue to register election candidate opposed to Ukraine offensive
Other than Putin, there are three registered candidates – the nationalist conservative Leonid Slutsky, the Communist Party candidate Nikolai Kharitonov and Vladislav Davankov, a businessman.
They have all supported Russia’s war in Ukraine.
Kremlin critics point out that the role of these three candidates is to channel any discontent and give a pluralist varnish to the vote at a time when the opposition has been greatly diminished by repression.
Read moreDeath of Alexei Navalny decimates the Russian opposition
Independent observers also say the authorities have means at their disposal to manage the results, including vote-rigging, ballot-stuffing and using millions of state employees to back the status quo.
The only unknown factor is whether there could be any protests, as called for by late opposition leader Alexei Navalny and now his widow, Yulia Navalnaya.
Thousands of supporters turned out to pay their respects at Navalny’s funeral in Moscow last month, some chanting anti-government slogans.
His widow has called the elections “a complete fiction and a fake”, and earlier this month urged supporters to show up at the polling stations on Sunday to protest.
“What to do next? The choice is yours. You can vote for any candidate except Putin,” she said in a YouTube video. “You can ruin the ballot, you can write ‘Navalny’ in big letters on it. And even if you don’t see the point in voting at all, you can just come and stand at the polling station, and then turn around and go home.”
Putin’s promises
While the result of the election is not in doubt, the government is campaigning hard, in a bid to strengthen Putin’s domestic and international legitimacy.
The Kremlin chief is in a better position now because of Russian advances in Ukraine amid cracks in Western support for Kyiv, and the Russian economy proving resilient despite heavy sanctions.
Putin has stepped up media appearances in recent weeks, meeting students, visiting factories and even taking a flight in a nuclear bomber.
But the efforts have not come without a cost. According to internal Kremlin documents recently obtained by the Estonian news website Delfi, the government has spent some €1 billion on propaganda ahead of the elections.
Read more‘Kremlin Leaks’: Files detail Putin’s €1 billion propaganda effort ahead of presidential vote
However, the Russian president has never taken part in an election debate since coming to power nearly a quarter of a century ago and will not start now.
In his State of the Nation speech last month, he made a long series of budget promises, handing out billions of rubles to modernise schools and infrastructure, fight poverty, protect the environment and boost technology.
The speech laid out a programme of government until at least 2030.
Economic concerns
Even though the economy has held up far better than expected, many Russians are worried about rising prices – particularly for food – and, in general, the instability generated by the war in Ukraine.
Labour shortages have piled up since thousands of young men have either died or are fighting in Ukraine, while hundreds of thousands of other people have fled abroad because they oppose the conflict or to avoid military service.
The authorities have clamped down hard in recent months on demonstrations by the wives of conscripted soldiers who have been asking for their loved ones to be allowed to return from the front.
Calls to vote
Patriotic posters have been plastered around the country, calling on Russians to vote.
The election posters have a “V” sign akin to the one used by Russian troops in Ukraine and the slogan: “Together, we are strong. Let’s vote for Russia!”
The authorities will also organise raffles and entertainment to encourage voters to come out and vote in a country where disenchantment with politics, particularly among young people, is high.
Neighbouring Ukraine and its Western allies are presented as troublemakers in state media and official speeches.
Putin warned in December about possible “foreign interference” in the vote and promised a “severe response”.
Last week, Russia summoned the US ambassador Lynne Tracy, accusing US-funded NGOs of “spreading disinformation” about the election.
According to the Moscow Times, Russia warned of retaliatory measures that could include expelling "US embassy officials involved in such actions".
Voting in Russia-held Ukraine
In a sign of Russian authorities trying to project normality amid an ongoing conflict, there will be voting in Russian-held areas of Ukraine.
Russia in 2022 declared the unilateral annexation of four regions of Ukraine – even though its troops still do not control them fully.
Kyiv says local inhabitants are now being subjected to threats and violence to force them to vote –something which Moscow denies.
Russian soldiers deployed in Ukraine have been able to cast their ballots early.
(FRANCE 24 with AFP, Reuters)
