The European Union naval mission in the Red Sea, known as Aspides, is considering a significant increase in its size to enhance defense against potential attacks by Houthi rebels based in Yemen. Currently, the mission operates with just four warships patrolling an area twice the size of the EU bloc. Since its establishment less than two months ago, Aspides has escorted 68 ships and successfully repelled 11 attacks. It is important to note that the mission's primary focus is on defending civilian vessels and does not engage in military strikes.
The southern part of the Red Sea is designated as a high-risk zone due to multiple attacks that have occurred in recent months. These attacks have ranged from threats and intimidation to more complex assaults utilizing various assets such as shore, air, and sea-based weapons, drones, and ballistic missiles. Fortunately, no casualties have been reported as a result of these incidents.
Although 19 out of the 27 EU nations are participating in the mission, only four frigates are currently patrolling the area. The Houthi rebels, backed by Iran, have been responsible for launching drone and missile attacks on shipping in the Red Sea since November. These attacks have disrupted maritime trade routes to Egypt and Europe, leading to a significant decrease in the number of ships passing through the area. As a result, vessels opting to avoid the Suez Canal are experiencing up to two weeks of additional transit time, resulting in increased transport costs and shipping insurance rates.
The Houthi rebels have justified their campaign as a response to Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip. However, the majority of the targeted ships have had minimal or no connection to Israel, the United States, or other nations involved in the conflict. Despite ongoing retaliatory airstrikes led by the United States, the attacks by the rebels persist.
Following an airstrike last week that destroyed Iran's consulate in Syria, tensions have escalated further. The EU mission is on high alert for any potential increase in attacks, especially considering the recent promises of retaliation made by top Iranian officials. While urging Iran to exercise restraint and prevent further escalation, EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell acknowledged the limited control Iran may have over the decision-making of the Houthi rebels, who have demonstrated a level of autonomy in their actions.
